diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/availability.js b/forum-network/src/classes/availability.js
index c905a53..2bdf7c8 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/availability.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/availability.js
@@ -2,14 +2,11 @@ import { Action } from './action.js';
 import { Actor } from './actor.js';
 
 class Worker {
-  stake = 0;
-
-  available = true;
-
-  assignedRequestId = null;
-
-  constructor(reputationPublicKey) {
-    this.reputationPublicKey = reputationPublicKey;
+  constructor(tokenId) {
+    this.tokenId = tokenId;
+    this.stakeAmount = 0;
+    this.available = true;
+    this.assignedRequestId = null;
   }
 }
 
@@ -28,16 +25,16 @@ export class Availability extends Actor {
     };
   }
 
-  register(reputationPublicKey, stake, __duration) {
+  register({ stakeAmount, tokenId }) {
     // TODO: expire after duration
     // ? Is a particular stake amount required?
-    const worker = this.workers.get(reputationPublicKey) ?? new Worker(reputationPublicKey);
+    const worker = this.workers.get(tokenId) ?? new Worker(tokenId);
     if (!worker.available) {
       throw new Error('Worker is already registered and busy. Can not increase stake.');
     }
-    worker.stake += stake;
+    worker.stakeAmount += stakeAmount;
     // TODO: Interact with Bench contract to encumber reputation?
-    this.workers.set(reputationPublicKey, worker);
+    this.workers.set(tokenId, worker);
   }
 
   // unregister() { }
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/bench.js b/forum-network/src/classes/bench.js
index 4f26d08..4abe4de 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/bench.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/bench.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { Actor } from './actor.js';
-import { Reputations } from './reputation.js';
 import { ValidationPool } from './validation-pool.js';
 import params from '../params.js';
 import { Action } from './action.js';
+import { ReputationTokenContract } from './reputation-token.js';
 
 /**
  * Purpose: Keep track of reputation holders
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export class Bench extends Actor {
     this.forum = forum;
     this.validationPools = new Map();
     this.voters = new Map();
-    this.reputations = new Reputations();
+    this.reputation = new ReputationTokenContract();
 
     this.actions = {
       createValidationPool: new Action('create validation pool', scene),
@@ -33,53 +33,22 @@ export class Bench extends Actor {
     });
   }
 
-  getTotalReputation() {
-    return this.reputations.getTotal();
-  }
-
-  getTotalAvailableReputation() {
-    return this.reputations.getTotalAvailable();
-  }
-
-  getTotalActiveReputation() {
+  getActiveReputation() {
     return this.listActiveVoters()
-      .map(({ reputationPublicKey }) => this.reputations.getTokens(reputationPublicKey))
+      .map(({ reputationPublicKey }) => this.reputation.valueOwnedBy(reputationPublicKey))
       .reduce((acc, cur) => (acc += cur), 0);
   }
 
-  getTotalActiveAvailableReputation() {
+  getActiveAvailableReputation() {
     return this.listActiveVoters()
-      .map(({ reputationPublicKey }) => this.reputations.getAvailableTokens(reputationPublicKey))
+      .map(({ reputationPublicKey }) => this.reputation.availableValueOwnedBy(reputationPublicKey))
       .reduce((acc, cur) => (acc += cur), 0);
   }
 
-  async initiateValidationPool({
-    postId,
-    fee,
-    duration,
-    tokenLossRatio,
-    contentiousDebate,
-    signingPublicKey,
-    authorStake,
-    anonymous,
-  }) {
+  async initiateValidationPool(poolOptions) {
     const validationPoolNumber = this.validationPools.size + 1;
-    const validationPool = new ValidationPool(
-      this,
-      this.forum,
-      {
-        postId,
-        fee,
-        duration,
-        tokenLossRatio,
-        contentiousDebate,
-        signingPublicKey,
-        authorStake,
-        anonymous,
-      },
-      `Pool${validationPoolNumber}`,
-      this.scene,
-    );
+    const name = `Pool${validationPoolNumber}`;
+    const validationPool = new ValidationPool(this, this.forum, poolOptions, name, this.scene);
     this.validationPools.set(validationPool.id, validationPool);
     await this.actions.createValidationPool.log(this, validationPool);
     validationPool.activate();
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/business.js b/forum-network/src/classes/business.js
index 37753af..dc89574 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/business.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/business.js
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ export class Business extends Actor {
       fee: request.fee,
       duration,
       tokenLossRatio,
-      signingPublicKey: reputationPublicKey,
-      anonymous: false,
-      authorStake: this.worker.stake,
+      reputationPublicKey,
+      authorStakeAmount: this.worker.stakeAmount,
+      tokenId: this.worker.tokenId,
     });
 
     // When the validation pool concludes,
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/erc721.js b/forum-network/src/classes/erc721.js
index 239ea28..60da455 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/erc721.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/erc721.js
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ export class ERC721 /* is ERC165 */ {
     if (!owner) {
       throw new Error('ERC721: invalid token ID');
     }
+    return owner;
   }
 
   transferFrom(from, to, tokenId) {
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ export class ERC721 /* is ERC165 */ {
     }
     this.incrementBalance(from, -1);
     this.incrementBalance(to, 1);
+    this.owners.set(tokenId, to);
   }
 
   /// @notice Enable or disable approval for a third party ("operator") to manage
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/expert.js b/forum-network/src/classes/expert.js
index 9066269..cf35435 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/expert.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/expert.js
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-import { Actor } from './actor.js';
 import { Action } from './action.js';
 import { PostMessage } from './message.js';
 import { CryptoUtil } from './crypto.js';
+import { ReputationHolder } from './reputation-holder.js';
 
-export class Expert extends Actor {
+export class Expert extends ReputationHolder {
   constructor(name, scene) {
-    super(name, scene);
+    super(undefined, name, scene);
     this.actions = {
       submitPostViaNetwork: new Action('submit post via network', scene),
       submitPost: new Action('submit post', scene),
       initiateValidationPool: new Action('initiate validation pool', scene),
       stake: new Action('stake on post', scene),
-      revealIdentity: new Action('reveal identity', scene),
       registerAvailability: new Action('register availability', scene),
       getAssignedWork: new Action('get assigned work', scene),
       submitWork: new Action('submit work evidence', scene),
     };
     this.validationPools = new Map();
+    this.tokens = [];
   }
 
   async initialize() {
@@ -46,60 +46,42 @@ export class Expert extends Actor {
     await this.actions.submitPost.log(this, forum);
     const postId = await forum.addPost(this.reputationPublicKey, postContent);
     const pool = await this.initiateValidationPool(bench, { ...poolOptions, postId, anonymous: false });
+    this.tokens.push(pool.tokenId);
     return { postId, pool };
   }
 
   async initiateValidationPool(bench, poolOptions) {
     // For now, directly call bench.initiateValidationPool();
-    if (poolOptions.anonymous) {
-      const signingKey = await CryptoUtil.generateAsymmetricKey();
-      poolOptions.signingPublicKey = await CryptoUtil.exportKey(signingKey.publicKey);
-    } else {
-      poolOptions.signingPublicKey = this.reputationPublicKey;
-    }
+    poolOptions.reputationPublicKey = this.reputationPublicKey;
     await this.actions.initiateValidationPool.log(
       this,
       bench,
-      `(fee: ${poolOptions.fee}, stake: ${poolOptions.authorStake ?? 0})`,
+      `(fee: ${poolOptions.fee}, stake: ${poolOptions.authorStakeAmount ?? 0})`,
     );
     const pool = await bench.initiateValidationPool(poolOptions);
+    this.tokens.push(pool.tokenId);
     this.validationPools.set(pool.id, poolOptions);
     return pool;
   }
 
   async stake(validationPool, {
-    position, amount, lockingTime, anonymous = false,
+    position, amount, lockingTime,
   }) {
-    let signingPublicKey;
-    if (anonymous) {
-      const signingKey = await CryptoUtil.generateAsymmetricKey();
-      signingPublicKey = await CryptoUtil.exportKey(signingKey.publicKey);
-      this.validationPools.set(validationPool.id, { signingPublicKey });
-    } else {
-      signingPublicKey = this.reputationPublicKey;
-    }
     // TODO: encrypt stake
     // TODO: sign message
     await this.actions.stake.log(
       this,
       validationPool,
-      `(${position ? 'for' : 'against'}, stake: ${amount}, anonymous: ${anonymous})`,
+      `(${position ? 'for' : 'against'}, stake: ${amount})`,
     );
-    return validationPool.stake(signingPublicKey, {
-      position, amount, lockingTime, anonymous,
+    return validationPool.stake(this, {
+      position, amount, lockingTime, tokenId: this.tokens[0],
     });
   }
 
-  async revealIdentity(validationPool) {
-    const { signingPublicKey } = this.validationPools.get(validationPool.id);
-    // TODO: sign message
-    await this.actions.revealIdentity.log(this, validationPool);
-    validationPool.revealIdentity(signingPublicKey, this.reputationPublicKey);
-  }
-
-  async registerAvailability(availability, stake) {
-    await this.actions.registerAvailability.log(this, availability, `(stake: ${stake})`);
-    await availability.register(this.reputationPublicKey, stake);
+  async registerAvailability(availability, stakeAmount) {
+    await this.actions.registerAvailability.log(this, availability, `(stake: ${stakeAmount})`);
+    await availability.register({ stakeAmount, tokenId: this.tokens[0].id });
   }
 
   async getAssignedWork(availability, business) {
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/forum.js b/forum-network/src/classes/forum.js
index 2e143a6..717b144 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/forum.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/forum.js
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ import { Graph } from './graph.js';
 import { Action } from './action.js';
 import { CryptoUtil } from './crypto.js';
 import params from '../params.js';
+import { ReputationHolder } from './reputation-holder.js';
 
 class Post extends Actor {
   constructor(forum, authorPublicKey, postContent) {
     const index = forum.posts.countVertices();
     const name = `Post${index + 1}`;
     super(name, forum.scene);
-    this.id = postContent.id ?? CryptoUtil.randomUUID();
+    this.id = postContent.id ?? `post_${CryptoUtil.randomUUID()}`;
     this.authorPublicKey = authorPublicKey;
     this.value = 0;
     this.citations = postContent.citations;
@@ -28,9 +29,10 @@ class Post extends Actor {
 /**
  * Purpose: Maintain a directed, acyclic, weighted graph of posts referencing other posts
  */
-export class Forum extends Actor {
+export class Forum extends ReputationHolder {
   constructor(name, scene) {
-    super(name, scene);
+    super(`forum_${CryptoUtil.randomUUID()}`, name, scene);
+    this.id = this.reputationPublicKey;
     this.posts = new Graph(scene);
     this.actions = {
       addPost: new Action('add post', scene),
@@ -74,8 +76,10 @@ export class Forum extends Actor {
     return this.getPosts().reduce((total, { value }) => total += value, 0);
   }
 
-  async onValidate(bench, pool, postId, initialValue) {
-    initialValue *= params.initialPostValue();
+  async onValidate({
+    bench, pool, postId, tokenId,
+  }) {
+    const initialValue = bench.reputation.valueOf(tokenId);
 
     if (this.scene.flowchart) {
       this.scene.flowchart.log(`${postId}_initial_value[${initialValue}] -- initial value --> ${postId}`);
@@ -84,14 +88,21 @@ export class Forum extends Actor {
     const post = this.getPost(postId);
     post.setStatus('Validated');
 
+    // Store a reference to the reputation token associated with this post,
+    // so that its value can be updated by future validated posts.
+    post.tokenId = tokenId;
+
     // Compute rewards
     const rewardsAccumulator = new Map();
     await this.propagateValue(rewardsAccumulator, pool, post, initialValue);
 
-    // Apply computed rewards
+    // Apply computed rewards to update values of tokens
     for (const [id, value] of rewardsAccumulator) {
-      bench.reputations.addTokens(id, value);
+      bench.reputation.transferValueFrom(post.tokenId, id, value);
     }
+
+    // Transfer ownership of the minted/staked token, from the forum to the post author
+    bench.reputation.transferFrom(this.id, post.authorPublicKey, post.tokenId);
   }
 
   async propagateValue(rewardsAccumulator, fromActor, post, increment, depth = 0) {
@@ -123,7 +134,7 @@ export class Forum extends Actor {
     const appliedIncrement = newValue - post.value;
 
     // Award reputation to post author
-    rewardsAccumulator.set(post.authorPublicKey, appliedIncrement);
+    rewardsAccumulator.set(post.tokenId, appliedIncrement);
 
     // Increment the value of the post
     await this.setPostValue(post, newValue);
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/reputation-holder.js b/forum-network/src/classes/reputation-holder.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bfcc42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/reputation-holder.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { Actor } from './actor.js';
+
+export class ReputationHolder extends Actor {
+  constructor(reputationPublicKey, name, scene) {
+    super(name, scene);
+    this.reputationPublicKey = reputationPublicKey;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/reputation-token.js b/forum-network/src/classes/reputation-token.js
index 6e48648..894ff74 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/reputation-token.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/reputation-token.js
@@ -1,28 +1,106 @@
 import { ERC721 } from './erc721.js';
 import { CryptoUtil } from './crypto.js';
 
-export class ReputationToken extends ERC721 {
+const EPSILON = 2.23e-16;
+
+class Lock {
+  constructor(tokenId, amount, duration) {
+    this.dateCreated = new Date();
+    this.tokenId = tokenId;
+    this.amount = amount;
+    this.duration = duration;
+  }
+}
+
+export class ReputationTokenContract extends ERC721 {
   constructor() {
     super('Reputation', 'REP');
     this.histories = new Map(); // token id --> {increment, context (i.e. validation pool id)}
     this.values = new Map(); // token id --> current value
+    this.locks = new Set(); // {tokenId, amount, start, duration}
   }
 
   mint(to, value, context) {
-    const tokenId = CryptoUtil.randomUUID();
+    const tokenId = `token_${CryptoUtil.randomUUID()}`;
     super.mint(to, tokenId);
     this.values.set(tokenId, value);
     this.histories.set(tokenId, [{ increment: value, context }]);
+    return tokenId;
   }
 
   incrementValue(tokenId, increment, context) {
     const value = this.values.get(tokenId);
     const newValue = value + increment;
-    const history = this.histories.get(tokenId);
-    if (newValue < 0) {
-      throw new Error('Token value can not become negative');
+    const history = this.histories.get(tokenId) || [];
+
+    if (newValue < -EPSILON) {
+      throw new Error(`Token value can not become negative. Attempted to set value = ${newValue}`);
     }
     this.values.set(tokenId, newValue);
     history.push({ increment, context });
+    this.histories.set(tokenId, history);
+  }
+
+  transferValueFrom(fromTokenId, toTokenId, amount) {
+    const sourceAvailable = this.availableValueOf(fromTokenId);
+    const targetAvailable = this.availableValueOf(toTokenId);
+    if (sourceAvailable < amount - EPSILON) {
+      throw new Error('Token value transfer: source has insufficient available value. '
+      + `Needs ${amount}; has ${sourceAvailable}.`);
+    }
+    if (targetAvailable < -amount + EPSILON) {
+      throw new Error('Token value transfer: target has insufficient available value. '
+      + `Needs ${-amount}; has ${targetAvailable}.`);
+    }
+    this.incrementValue(fromTokenId, -amount);
+    this.incrementValue(toTokenId, amount);
+  }
+
+  lock(tokenId, amount, duration) {
+    const lock = new Lock(tokenId, amount, duration);
+    this.locks.add(lock);
+  }
+
+  historyOf(tokenId) {
+    return this.histories.get(tokenId);
+  }
+
+  valueOf(tokenId) {
+    return this.values.get(tokenId);
+  }
+
+  availableValueOf(tokenId) {
+    const amountLocked = Array.from(this.locks.values())
+      .filter(({ tokenId: lockTokenId }) => lockTokenId === tokenId)
+      .filter(({ dateCreated, duration }) => new Date() - dateCreated < duration)
+      .reduce((total, { amount }) => total += amount, 0);
+
+    return this.valueOf(tokenId) - amountLocked;
+  }
+
+  valueOwnedBy(ownerId) {
+    return Array.from(this.owners.entries())
+      .filter(([__, owner]) => owner === ownerId)
+      .map(([tokenId, __]) => this.valueOf(tokenId))
+      .reduce((total, value) => total += value, 0);
+  }
+
+  availableValueOwnedBy(ownerId) {
+    return Array.from(this.owners.entries())
+      .filter(([__, owner]) => owner === ownerId)
+      .map(([tokenId, __]) => this.availableValueOf(tokenId))
+      .reduce((total, value) => total += value, 0);
+  }
+
+  getTotal() {
+    return Array.from(this.values.values()).reduce((total, value) => total += value, 0);
+  }
+
+  getTotalAvailable() {
+    const amountLocked = Array.from(this.locks.values())
+      .filter(({ dateCreated, duration }) => new Date() - dateCreated < duration)
+      .reduce((total, { amount }) => total += amount, 0);
+
+    return this.getTotal() - amountLocked;
   }
 }
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/stake.js b/forum-network/src/classes/stake.js
index efadb2f..5a5d02a 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/stake.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/stake.js
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import params from '../params.js';
 
 export class Stake {
-  constructor(position, amount, lockingTime) {
+  constructor({
+    tokenId, position, amount, lockingTime,
+  }) {
+    this.tokenId = tokenId;
     this.position = position;
     this.amount = amount;
     this.lockingTime = lockingTime;
diff --git a/forum-network/src/classes/validation-pool.js b/forum-network/src/classes/validation-pool.js
index 8fe6fc1..13cb893 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/classes/validation-pool.js
+++ b/forum-network/src/classes/validation-pool.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { CryptoUtil } from './crypto.js';
+import { ReputationHolder } from './reputation-holder.js';
 import { Stake } from './stake.js';
 import { Voter } from './voter.js';
-import { Actor } from './actor.js';
 import params from '../params.js';
 
 const ValidationPoolStates = Object.freeze({
@@ -13,24 +13,24 @@ const ValidationPoolStates = Object.freeze({
 /**
  * Purpose: Enable voting
  */
-export class ValidationPool extends Actor {
+export class ValidationPool extends ReputationHolder {
   constructor(
     bench,
     forum,
     {
       postId,
-      signingPublicKey,
+      reputationPublicKey,
       fee,
       duration,
       tokenLossRatio,
       contentiousDebate = false,
-      authorStake = 0,
-      anonymous = true,
+      authorStakeAmount = 0,
     },
     name,
     scene,
   ) {
-    super(name, scene);
+    super(`pool_${CryptoUtil.randomUUID()}`, name, scene);
+    this.id = this.reputationPublicKey;
     // If contentiousDebate = true, we will follow the progression defined by getTokenLossRatio()
     if (
       !contentiousDebate
@@ -58,60 +58,29 @@ export class ValidationPool extends Actor {
     this.postId = postId;
     this.state = ValidationPoolStates.OPEN;
     this.setStatus('Open');
-    this.stakes = new Map();
-    this.voters = new Map();
-    this.id = CryptoUtil.randomUUID();
+    this.stakes = new Set();
     this.dateStart = new Date();
-    this.authorSigningPublicKey = signingPublicKey;
-    this.anonymous = anonymous;
+    this.authorReputationPublicKey = reputationPublicKey;
     this.fee = fee;
     this.duration = duration;
     this.tokenLossRatio = tokenLossRatio;
     this.contentiousDebate = contentiousDebate;
-    this.tokensMinted = fee * params.mintingRatio();
+    this.mintedValue = fee * params.mintingRatio();
+    this.tokenId = this.bench.reputation.mint(this.id, this.mintedValue);
     // Tokens minted "for" the post go toward stake of author voting for their own post.
     // Also, author can provide additional stakes, e.g. availability stakes for work evidence post.
-    this.stake(signingPublicKey, {
+    this.stake(this, {
       position: true,
-      amount: this.tokensMinted * params.stakeForAuthor + authorStake,
-      anonymous,
+      amount: this.mintedValue * params.stakeForAuthor + authorStakeAmount,
+      tokenId: this.tokenId,
     });
-    this.stake(this.id, {
+    this.stake(this, {
       position: false,
-      amount: this.tokensMinted * (1 - params.stakeForAuthor),
+      amount: this.mintedValue * (1 - params.stakeForAuthor),
+      tokenId: this.tokenId,
     });
   }
 
-  async stake(signingPublicKey, {
-    position, amount, lockingTime = 0, anonymous = false,
-  }) {
-    if (this.state === ValidationPoolStates.CLOSED) {
-      throw new Error(`Validation pool ${this.id} is closed`);
-    }
-    if (this.duration && new Date() - this.dateStart > this.duration) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Validation pool ${this.id} has expired, no new votes may be cast`,
-      );
-    }
-    const stake = new Stake(position, amount, lockingTime);
-    this.stakes.set(signingPublicKey, stake);
-    console.log('new stake', stake);
-    if (!anonymous) {
-      await this.revealIdentity(signingPublicKey, signingPublicKey);
-    }
-  }
-
-  async revealIdentity(signingPublicKey, reputationPublicKey) {
-    if (!this.stakes.get(signingPublicKey)) {
-      throw new Error('Must stake before revealing identity');
-    }
-    const voter = this.bench.voters.get(reputationPublicKey)
-      ?? new Voter(reputationPublicKey);
-    voter.addVoteRecord(this);
-    this.bench.voters.set(reputationPublicKey, voter);
-    this.voters.set(signingPublicKey, voter);
-  }
-
   getTokenLossRatio() {
     if (!this.contentiousDebate) {
       return this.tokenLossRatio;
@@ -134,58 +103,79 @@ export class ValidationPool extends Actor {
     return stage / (params.contentiousDebate.stages - 1);
   }
 
-  applyTokenLocking() {
-    // Before evaluating the winning conditions,
-    // we need to make sure any staked tokens are locked for the
-    // specified amounts of time.
-    for (const [
-      signingPublicKey,
-      { stake, lockingTime },
-    ] of this.stakes) {
-      const voter = this.voters.get(signingPublicKey);
-      this.bench.reputations.lockTokens(
-        voter.reputationPublicKey,
-        stake,
-        lockingTime,
-      );
-      // TODO: If there is an exception here, the voter may have voted incorrectly. Consider penalties.
-    }
-  }
-
   /**
    * @param {boolean} outcome: null --> all entries. Otherwise filters to position === outcome.
-   * @param {object} getStakeEntries options
    * @param {boolean} options.excludeSystem: Whether to exclude votes cast during pool initialization
-   * @returns [signingPublicKey, stake][]
+   * @returns stake[]
    */
-  getStakeEntries(outcome, options = {}) {
-    const { excludeSystem = false } = options;
-    const entries = Array.from(this.stakes.entries());
-    // console.log('entries', entries);
-    return entries
-      .filter(([signingPublicKey, __]) => !excludeSystem || signingPublicKey !== this.id)
-      .filter(([__, { position }]) => outcome === null || position === outcome);
+  getStakes(outcome, { excludeSystem }) {
+    return Array.from(this.stakes.values())
+      .filter(({ tokenId }) => !excludeSystem || tokenId !== this.tokenId)
+      .filter(({ position }) => outcome === null || position === outcome);
   }
 
   /**
    * @param {boolean} outcome: null --> all entries. Otherwise filters to position === outcome.
-   * @param {object} getStakeEntries options
    * @returns number
    */
-  getTotalStakedOnPost(outcome, options) {
-    return this.getStakeEntries(outcome, options)
-      .map(([__, stake]) => stake.getStakeValue())
+  getTotalStakedOnPost(outcome) {
+    return this.getStakes(outcome, { excludeSystem: false })
+      .map((stake) => stake.getStakeValue())
       .reduce((acc, cur) => (acc += cur), 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * @param {boolean} outcome: null --> all entries. Otherwise filters to position === outcome.
-   * @param {object} getStakeEntries options
    * @returns number
    */
-  getTotalValueOfStakesForOutcome(outcome, options) {
-    return this.getStakeEntries(outcome, options)
-      .reduce((total, [__, { amount }]) => (total += amount), 0);
+  getTotalValueOfStakesForOutcome(outcome) {
+    return this.getStakes(outcome, { excludeSystem: false })
+      .reduce((total, { amount }) => (total += amount), 0);
+  }
+
+  // TODO: This can be handled as a hook on receipt of reputation token transfer
+  async stake(reputationHolder, {
+    tokenId, position, amount, lockingTime = 0,
+  }) {
+    if (this.state === ValidationPoolStates.CLOSED) {
+      throw new Error(`Validation pool ${this.id} is closed.`);
+    }
+
+    if (this.duration && new Date() - this.dateStart > this.duration) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Validation pool ${this.id} has expired, no new votes may be cast.`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    const { reputationPublicKey } = reputationHolder;
+    if (reputationPublicKey !== this.bench.reputation.ownerOf(tokenId)) {
+      throw new Error('Reputation may only be staked by its owner!');
+    }
+
+    const stake = new Stake({
+      tokenId, position, amount, lockingTime,
+    });
+    this.stakes.add(stake);
+
+    // Transfer staked amount from the sender to the validation pool
+    this.bench.reputation.transferValueFrom(tokenId, this.tokenId, amount);
+
+    // Keep a record of voters and their votes
+    if (tokenId !== this.tokenId) {
+      const voter = this.bench.voters.get(reputationPublicKey) ?? new Voter(reputationPublicKey);
+      voter.addVoteRecord(this);
+      this.bench.voters.set(reputationPublicKey, voter);
+    }
+  }
+
+  applyTokenLocking() {
+    // Before evaluating the winning conditions,
+    // we need to make sure any staked tokens are locked for the
+    // specified amounts of time.
+    for (const { tokenId, amount, lockingTime } of this.stakes.values()) {
+      this.bench.reputation.lock(tokenId, amount, lockingTime);
+      // TODO: If there is an exception here, the voter may have voted incorrectly. Consider penalties.
+    }
   }
 
   async evaluateWinningConditions() {
@@ -196,16 +186,13 @@ export class ValidationPool extends Actor {
     if (elapsed < this.duration) {
       throw new Error(`Validation pool duration has not yet elapsed! ${this.duration - elapsed} ms remaining.`);
     }
-    if (this.voters.size < this.stakes.size) {
-      throw new Error('Not all voters have revealed their reputation public keys!');
-    }
     // Now we can evaluate winning conditions
     this.state = ValidationPoolStates.CLOSED;
     this.setStatus('Closed');
 
     const upvoteValue = this.getTotalValueOfStakesForOutcome(true);
     const downvoteValue = this.getTotalValueOfStakesForOutcome(false);
-    const activeAvailableReputation = this.bench.getTotalActiveAvailableReputation();
+    const activeAvailableReputation = this.bench.getActiveAvailableReputation();
     const votePasses = upvoteValue >= params.winningRatio * downvoteValue;
     const quorumMet = upvoteValue + downvoteValue >= params.quorum * activeAvailableReputation;
 
@@ -238,44 +225,35 @@ export class ValidationPool extends Actor {
 
     // In a tightly binding validation pool, losing voter stakes are transferred to winning voters.
     const tokensForWinners = this.getTotalStakedOnPost(!votePasses);
-    const winningVotes = this.getStakeEntries(votePasses, { excludeSystem: true });
+    const winningEntries = this.getStakes(votePasses, { excludeSystem: true });
     const totalValueOfStakesForWin = this.getTotalValueOfStakesForOutcome(votePasses);
 
     // Compute rewards for the winning voters, in proportion to the value of their stakes.
-    const rewards = new Map();
-    for (const [signingPublicKey, stake] of winningVotes) {
-      const { reputationPublicKey } = this.voters.get(signingPublicKey);
+    for (const stake of winningEntries) {
+      const { tokenId, amount } = stake;
       const value = stake.getStakeValue();
       const reward = tokensForWinners * (value / totalValueOfStakesForWin);
-      rewards.set(reputationPublicKey, reward);
+      // Also return each winning voter their staked amount
+      const reputationPublicKey = this.bench.reputation.ownerOf(tokenId);
+      console.log(`reward for winning stake by ${reputationPublicKey}: ${reward}`);
+      this.bench.reputation.transferValueFrom(this.tokenId, tokenId, reward + amount);
     }
 
-    console.log('rewards for stakes', rewards);
-
-    const authorReputationPublicKey = this.voters.get(this.authorSigningPublicKey).reputationPublicKey;
-
-    // Distribute awards to voters other than the author
-    for (const [reputationPublicKey, amount] of rewards) {
-      if (reputationPublicKey !== authorReputationPublicKey) {
-        this.bench.reputations.addTokens(reputationPublicKey, amount);
-        console.log(`reward for stake by ${reputationPublicKey}:`, amount);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (votePasses) {
+    if (votePasses && !!this.forum) {
       // Distribute awards to author via the forum
-      const tokensForAuthor = this.tokensMinted * params.stakeForAuthor + rewards.get(authorReputationPublicKey);
-      console.log('sending reward for author stake to forum', { tokensForAuthor });
+      // const tokensForAuthor = this.mintedValue * params.stakeForAuthor + rewards.get(this.tokenId);
+      console.log(`sending reward for author stake to forum: ${this.bench.reputation.valueOf(this.tokenId)}`);
+
+      // Transfer ownership of the minted token, from the pool to the forum
+      this.bench.reputation.transferFrom(this.id, this.forum.id, this.tokenId);
 
-      if (votePasses && !!this.forum) {
       // Recurse through forum to determine reputation effects
-        await this.forum.onValidate(
-          this.bench,
-          this,
-          this.postId,
-          tokensForAuthor,
-        );
-      }
+      await this.forum.onValidate({
+        bench: this.bench,
+        pool: this,
+        postId: this.postId,
+        tokenId: this.tokenId,
+      });
     }
 
     console.log('pool complete');
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/availability.html b/forum-network/src/tests/availability.html
index c2684bf..11259f7 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/availability.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/availability.html
@@ -7,22 +7,22 @@
   <div id="availability-test"></div>
 </body>
 <script type="module">
-  import { Box } from "/../classes/box.js";
-  import { Scene } from "/../classes/scene.js";
-  import { Expert } from "/../classes/expert.js";
-  import { Bench } from "/../classes/bench.js";
-  import { Business } from "/../classes/business.js";
-  import { Availability } from "/../classes/availability.js";
-  import { delay } from "/util.js";
-  import { Forum } from "/../classes/forum.js";
-  import { Public } from "/../classes/public.js";
+  import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+  import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
+  import { Expert } from '../classes/expert.js';
+  import { Bench } from '../classes/bench.js';
+  import { Business } from '../classes/business.js';
+  import { Availability } from '../classes/availability.js';
+  import { delay } from '../util.js';
+  import { Forum } from '../classes/forum.js';
+  import { Public } from '../classes/public.js';
 
   const DELAY_INTERVAL = 500;
 
-  const rootElement = document.getElementById("availability-test");
-  const rootBox = new Box("rootBox", rootElement).flex();
+  const rootElement = document.getElementById('availability-test');
+  const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
 
-  const scene = (window.scene = new Scene("Availability test", rootBox));
+  const scene = (window.scene = new Scene('Availability test', rootBox));
   scene.withSequenceDiagram();
 
   const experts = (window.experts = []);
@@ -37,30 +37,30 @@
   const expert1 = await newExpert();
   const expert2 = await newExpert();
   await newExpert();
-  const forum = (window.forum = new Forum("Forum", scene));
-  const bench = (window.bench = new Bench(forum, "Bench", scene));
+  const forum = (window.forum = new Forum('Forum', scene));
+  const bench = (window.bench = new Bench(forum, 'Bench', scene));
   const availability = (window.bench = new Availability(
     bench,
-    "Availability",
-    scene
-  ));
+    'Availability',
+    scene,
+));
   const business = (window.business = new Business(
     bench,
     forum,
     availability,
-    "Business",
-    scene
-  ));
-  const requestor = new Public("Public", scene);
+    'Business',
+    scene,
+));
+  const requestor = new Public('Public', scene);
 
   const updateDisplayValues = async () => {
     for (const expert of experts) {
       await expert.setValue(
-        "rep",
-        bench.reputations.getTokens(expert.reputationPublicKey)
+        'rep',
+        bench.reputation.valueOwnedBy(expert.reputationPublicKey),
       );
     }
-    await bench.setValue("total rep", bench.getTotalReputation());
+    await bench.setValue('total rep', bench.reputation.getTotal());
     await scene.sequence.render();
   };
 
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@
   await requestor.submitRequest(
     business,
     { fee: 100 },
-    { please: "do some work" }
-  );
+    { please: 'do some work' },
+);
   await updateDisplayValuesAndDelay();
 
   // Receive work request
@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@
     business,
     request.id,
     {
-      here: "is some evidence of work product",
+      here: 'is some evidence of work product',
     },
     {
       tokenLossRatio: 1,
       duration: 1000,
-    }
-  );
+    },
+);
   worker.deactivate();
   await updateDisplayValuesAndDelay();
 
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@
   } catch (e) {
     if (e.message.match(/Validation pool has already been resolved/)) {
       console.log(
-        "Caught expected error: Validation pool has already been resolved"
+        'Caught expected error: Validation pool has already been resolved',
       );
     } else {
-      console.error("Unexpected error");
+      console.error('Unexpected error');
       throw e;
     }
   }
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/basic.html b/forum-network/src/tests/basic.html
index e826ec2..aa15558 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/basic.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/basic.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
   <div id="basic"></div>
 </body>
 <script type="module">
-  import { Box } from "/../classes/box.js";
-  import { Scene } from "/../classes/scene.js";
+  import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+  import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
 
-  const rootElement = document.getElementById("basic");
-  const rootBox = new Box("rootBox", rootElement).flex();
+  const rootElement = document.getElementById('basic');
+  const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
 
   function randomDelay(min, max) {
     const delayMs = min + Math.random() * max;
@@ -26,30 +26,30 @@
   }
 
   if (true) {
-    const scene = new Scene("Scene 1", rootBox);
-    const webClientStatus = scene.addDisplayValue("WebClient Status");
-    const node1Status = scene.addDisplayValue("Node 1 Status");
-    const blockchainStatus = scene.addDisplayValue("Blockchain Status");
+    const scene = new Scene('Scene 1', rootBox);
+    const webClientStatus = scene.addDisplayValue('WebClient Status');
+    const node1Status = scene.addDisplayValue('Node 1 Status');
+    const blockchainStatus = scene.addDisplayValue('Blockchain Status');
 
-    const webClient = scene.addActor("web client");
-    const node1 = scene.addActor("node 1");
-    const blockchain = scene.addActor("blockchain");
-    const requestForumPage = scene.addAction("requestForumPage");
-    const readBlockchainData = scene.addAction("readBlockchainData");
-    const blockchainData = scene.addAction("blockchainData");
-    const forumPage = scene.addAction("forumPage");
+    const webClient = scene.addActor('web client');
+    const node1 = scene.addActor('node 1');
+    const blockchain = scene.addActor('blockchain');
+    const requestForumPage = scene.addAction('requestForumPage');
+    const readBlockchainData = scene.addAction('readBlockchainData');
+    const blockchainData = scene.addAction('blockchainData');
+    const forumPage = scene.addAction('forumPage');
 
-    webClientStatus.set("Initialized");
-    node1Status.set("Idle");
-    blockchainStatus.set("Idle");
+    webClientStatus.set('Initialized');
+    node1Status.set('Idle');
+    blockchainStatus.set('Idle');
 
     node1.on(requestForumPage, (src, detail) => {
-      node1Status.set("Processing request");
+      node1Status.set('Processing request');
       node1.on(blockchainData, (_src, data) => {
-        node1Status.set("Processing response");
+        node1Status.set('Processing response');
         setTimeout(() => {
           node1.send(src, forumPage, data);
-          node1Status.set("Idle");
+          node1Status.set('Idle');
         }, randomDelay(500, 1000));
       });
       setTimeout(() => {
@@ -58,27 +58,27 @@
     });
 
     blockchain.on(readBlockchainData, (src, _detail) => {
-      blockchainStatus.set("Processing request");
+      blockchainStatus.set('Processing request');
       setTimeout(() => {
         blockchain.send(src, blockchainData, {});
-        blockchainStatus.set("Idle");
+        blockchainStatus.set('Idle');
       }, randomDelay(500, 1500));
     });
 
     webClient.on(forumPage, (_src, _detail) => {
-      webClientStatus.set("Received forum page");
+      webClientStatus.set('Received forum page');
     });
 
     setInterval(() => {
       webClient.send(node1, requestForumPage);
-      webClientStatus.set("Requested forum page");
+      webClientStatus.set('Requested forum page');
     }, randomDelay(6000, 12000));
   }
 
   (async function run() {
-    const scene = new Scene("Scene 2", rootBox);
+    const scene = new Scene('Scene 2', rootBox);
 
-    const webClient = scene.addActor("webClient");
+    const webClient = scene.addActor('webClient');
 
     const nodes = [];
     const memories = [];
@@ -117,71 +117,71 @@
       requestStorageData,
       storageData,
     ] = [
-      "seek truth",
-      "consider available information",
-      "evaluate confidence",
-      "choose response",
-      "qualified opinions",
-      "request in-memory data",
-      "in-memory data",
-      "request storage data",
-      "storage data",
+      'seek truth',
+      'consider available information',
+      'evaluate confidence',
+      'choose response',
+      'qualified opinions',
+      'request in-memory data',
+      'in-memory data',
+      'request storage data',
+      'storage data',
     ].map((name) => scene.addAction(name));
 
     memories.forEach((memory) => {
-      memory.setStatus("Idle");
+      memory.setStatus('Idle');
       memory.on(requestMemoryData, async (src, _detail) => {
-        memory.setStatus("Retrieving data");
+        memory.setStatus('Retrieving data');
         await delay(1000);
         memory.send(src, memoryData, {});
-        memory.setStatus("Idle");
+        memory.setStatus('Idle');
       });
     });
 
     storages.forEach((storage) => {
-      storage.setStatus("Idle");
+      storage.setStatus('Idle');
       storage.on(requestStorageData, async (src, _detail) => {
-        storage.setStatus("Retrieving data");
+        storage.setStatus('Retrieving data');
         await delay(1000);
         storage.send(src, storageData, {});
-        storage.setStatus("Idle");
+        storage.setStatus('Idle');
       });
     });
 
     nodes.forEach((node) => {
-      node.setStatus("Idle");
+      node.setStatus('Idle');
       node.on(seekTruth, async (seeker, detail) => {
-        node.setStatus("Processing request");
+        node.setStatus('Processing request');
 
         node.on(chooseResponse, async (_src, _info) => {
-          node.setStatus("Choosing response");
+          node.setStatus('Choosing response');
           await delay(1000);
           node.send(seeker, qualifiedOpinions, {});
-          node.setStatus("Idle");
+          node.setStatus('Idle');
         });
 
         node.on(evaluateConfidence, async (_src, _info) => {
-          node.setStatus("Evaluating confidence");
+          node.setStatus('Evaluating confidence');
           await delay(1000);
           node.send(node, chooseResponse);
         });
 
         node.on(considerInfo, async (_src, _info) => {
-          node.setStatus("Considering info");
+          node.setStatus('Considering info');
           await delay(1000);
           node.send(node, evaluateConfidence);
         });
 
         node.on(memoryData, (_src, _data) => {
           node.on(storageData, (__src, __data) => {
-            if (detail?.readConcern === "single") {
+            if (detail?.readConcern === 'single') {
               node.send(node, considerInfo, {});
             } else {
               const peer = getPeer(node);
               node.on(qualifiedOpinions, (___src, info) => {
                 node.send(node, considerInfo, info);
               });
-              node.send(peer, seekTruth, { readConcern: "single" });
+              node.send(peer, seekTruth, { readConcern: 'single' });
             }
           });
           node.send(node.storage, requestStorageData);
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@
     });
 
     webClient.on(qualifiedOpinions, (_src, _detail) => {
-      webClient.setStatus("Received opinions and qualifications");
+      webClient.setStatus('Received opinions and qualifications');
     });
 
     await delay(1000);
-    webClient.setStatus("Seek truth");
+    webClient.setStatus('Seek truth');
     webClient.send(nodes[0], seekTruth);
-  })();
+  }());
 </script>
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/debounce.html b/forum-network/src/tests/debounce.html
index db51d69..0b3b146 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/debounce.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/debounce.html
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
   <div id="debounce-test"></div>
 </body>
 <script type="module">
-  import { Box } from "/../classes/box.js";
-  import { Scene } from "/../classes/scene.js";
-  import { debounce, delay } from "/util.js";
+  import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+  import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
+  import { debounce, delay } from '../util.js';
 
-  const rootElement = document.getElementById("debounce-test");
-  const rootBox = new Box("rootBox", rootElement).flex();
+  const rootElement = document.getElementById('debounce-test');
+  const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
 
-  const scene = (window.scene = new Scene("Debounce test", rootBox));
+  window.scene = new Scene('Debounce test', rootBox);
 
   let eventCount = 0;
   const event = () => {
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/flowchart.html b/forum-network/src/tests/flowchart.html
index ab444c9..7278e5c 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/flowchart.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/flowchart.html
@@ -7,33 +7,32 @@
   <div id="flowchart-test"></div>
 </body>
 <script type="module">
-  import { Box } from "/../classes/box.js";
-  import { Scene } from "/../classes/scene.js";
-  import { Actor } from "/../classes/actor.js";
-  import { Action } from "/../classes/action.js";
-  import { Expert } from "/../classes/expert.js";
-  import { delay } from "/util.js";
+  import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+  import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
+  import { Actor } from '../classes/actor.js';
+  import { Action } from '../classes/action.js';
+  import { delay } from '../util.js';
 
   const DEFAULT_DELAY_INTERVAL = 500;
 
-  const rootElement = document.getElementById("flowchart-test");
-  const rootBox = new Box("rootBox", rootElement).flex();
+  const rootElement = document.getElementById('flowchart-test');
+  const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
 
-  const scene = (window.scene = new Scene("Flowchart test", rootBox));
+  const scene = (window.scene = new Scene('Flowchart test', rootBox));
   scene.withSequenceDiagram();
 
-  const actor1 = new Actor("A", scene);
-  const actor2 = new Actor("B", scene);
-  const action1 = new Action("Action 1", scene);
+  const actor1 = new Actor('A', scene);
+  const actor2 = new Actor('B', scene);
+  const action1 = new Action('Action 1', scene);
   await action1.log(actor1, actor2);
-  await actor1.setValue("value", 1);
+  await actor1.setValue('value', 1);
 
   await scene.withFlowchart();
-  await scene.flowchart.log("A --> B");
+  await scene.flowchart.log('A --> B');
 
   await delay(DEFAULT_DELAY_INTERVAL);
   action1.log(actor1, actor2);
 
   await delay(DEFAULT_DELAY_INTERVAL);
-  await scene.flowchart.log("A --> C");
+  await scene.flowchart.log('A --> C');
 </script>
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/forum-network.html b/forum-network/src/tests/forum-network.html
index 738b423..ad0242b 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/forum-network.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/forum-network.html
@@ -7,36 +7,36 @@
   <div id="forum-network"></div>
 </body>
 <script type="module">
-  import { Box } from "/../classes/box.js";
-  import { Scene } from "/../classes/scene.js";
-  import { PostContent } from "/../classes/post-content.js";
-  import { Expert } from "/../classes/expert.js";
-  import { ForumNode } from "/../classes/forum-node.js";
-  import { ForumNetwork } from "/../classes/forum-network.js";
-  import { CryptoUtil } from "/../classes/crypto.js";
-  import { delay } from "/util.js";
+  import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+  import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
+  import { PostContent } from '../classes/post-content.js';
+  import { Expert } from '../classes/expert.js';
+  import { ForumNode } from '../classes/forum-node.js';
+  import { ForumNetwork } from '../classes/forum-network.js';
+  import { CryptoUtil } from '../classes/crypto.js';
+  import { delay } from '../util.js';
 
-  const rootElement = document.getElementById("forum-network");
-  const rootBox = new Box("rootBox", rootElement).flex();
+  const rootElement = document.getElementById('forum-network');
+  const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
 
-  window.scene = new Scene("Forum Network test", rootBox).log(
-    "sequenceDiagram"
-  );
+  window.scene = new Scene('Forum Network test', rootBox).log(
+    'sequenceDiagram',
+);
 
-  window.author1 = await new Expert("author1", window.scene).initialize();
-  window.author2 = await new Expert("author2", window.scene).initialize();
+  window.author1 = await new Expert('author1', window.scene).initialize();
+  window.author2 = await new Expert('author2', window.scene).initialize();
 
   window.forumNetwork = new ForumNetwork();
 
-  window.forumNode1 = await new ForumNode("node1", window.scene).initialize(
-    window.forumNetwork
-  );
-  window.forumNode2 = await new ForumNode("node2", window.scene).initialize(
-    window.forumNetwork
-  );
-  window.forumNode3 = await new ForumNode("node3", window.scene).initialize(
-    window.forumNetwork
-  );
+  window.forumNode1 = await new ForumNode('node1', window.scene).initialize(
+    window.forumNetwork,
+);
+  window.forumNode2 = await new ForumNode('node2', window.scene).initialize(
+    window.forumNetwork,
+);
+  window.forumNode3 = await new ForumNode('node3', window.scene).initialize(
+    window.forumNetwork,
+);
 
   const processInterval = setInterval(async () => {
     await window.forumNode1.processNextMessage();
@@ -48,25 +48,25 @@
 
   // const blockchain = new Blockchain();
 
-  window.post1 = new PostContent({ message: "hi" });
+  window.post1 = new PostContent({ message: 'hi' });
   window.post1.id = CryptoUtil.randomUUID();
-  window.post2 = new PostContent({ message: "hello" }).addCitation(
+  window.post2 = new PostContent({ message: 'hello' }).addCitation(
     window.post1.id,
-    1.0
-  );
+    1.0,
+);
 
   await delay(1000);
   await window.author1.submitPostViaNetwork(
     window.forumNode1,
     window.post1,
-    50
-  );
+    50,
+);
   await delay(1000);
   await window.author2.submitPostViaNetwork(
     window.forumNode2,
     window.post2,
-    100
-  );
+    100,
+);
 
   await delay(1000);
   clearInterval(processInterval);
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/forum.html b/forum-network/src/tests/forum.html
index 3d31672..7a03b44 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/forum.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/forum.html
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
     const name = `Expert${index + 1}`;
     const expert = await new Expert(name, scene).initialize();
     experts.push(expert);
-    // bench.reputations.addTokens(expert.reputationPublicKey, 50);
     return expert;
   };
 
@@ -53,10 +52,10 @@
     for (const expert of experts) {
       await expert.setValue(
         'rep',
-        bench.reputations.getTokens(expert.reputationPublicKey),
+        bench.reputation.valueOwnedBy(expert.reputationPublicKey),
       );
     }
-    await bench.setValue('total rep', bench.getTotalReputation());
+    await bench.setValue('total rep', bench.reputation.getTotal());
     await forum.setValue('total value', forum.getTotalValue());
   };
 
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@
       fee: 10,
       duration: 1000,
       tokenLossRatio: 1,
-      // authorStake: 10,
+      // authorStakeAmount: 10,
     },
 );
   await updateDisplayValuesAndDelay(1000);
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/graph.html b/forum-network/src/tests/graph.html
index d5cf216..5924a18 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/graph.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/graph.html
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
   <div id="graph-test"></div>
 </body>
 <script type="module">
-  import { Box } from "/../classes/box.js";
-  import { Scene } from "/../classes/scene.js";
-  import { Graph } from "/../classes/graph.js";
+  import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+  import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
+  import { Graph } from '../classes/graph.js';
 
-  const rootElement = document.getElementById("graph-test");
-  const rootBox = new Box("rootBox", rootElement).flex();
+  const rootElement = document.getElementById('graph-test');
+  const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
 
-  window.scene = new Scene("Graph test", rootBox);
+  window.scene = new Scene('Graph test', rootBox);
 
   window.graph = new Graph();
 
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@
   addVertex();
   addVertex();
 
-  window.graph.addEdge("e1", 0, 1);
+  window.graph.addEdge('e1', 0, 1);
 </script>
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/reputation.html b/forum-network/src/tests/reputation.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fc7b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/reputation.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<head>
+  <title>Reputation test</title>
+  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/index.css" />
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="test"></div>
+</body>
+<script type="module">
+import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
+import { ValidationPool } from '../classes/validation-pool.js';
+import { TokenHolder } from '../classes/token-holder.js';
+import { ReputationToken } from '../classes/reputation-token.js';
+import { delay } from '../util.js';
+
+const DEFAULT_DELAY_INTERVAL = 500;
+
+const rootElement = document.getElementById('forum-test');
+const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
+
+const scene = (window.scene = new Scene('Forum test', rootBox));
+scene.withSequenceDiagram();
+scene.withFlowchart();
+
+const pool = new ValidationPool();
+const repToken = new ReputationToken();
+
+// const tokenMinter = new TokenHolder('TokenMinter', scene);
+
+await delay(DEFAULT_DELAY_INTERVAL);
+</script>
diff --git a/forum-network/src/tests/validation-pool.html b/forum-network/src/tests/validation-pool.html
index 47005d1..4280a91 100644
--- a/forum-network/src/tests/validation-pool.html
+++ b/forum-network/src/tests/validation-pool.html
@@ -7,43 +7,45 @@
   <div id="validation-pool"></div>
 </body>
 <script type="module">
-  import { Box } from "/../classes/box.js";
-  import { Scene } from "/../classes/scene.js";
-  import { Expert } from "/../classes/expert.js";
-  import { Bench } from "/../classes/bench.js";
-  import { Forum } from "/../classes/forum.js";
-  import { delay } from "/util.js";
+  import { Box } from '../classes/box.js';
+  import { Scene } from '../classes/scene.js';
+  import { Expert } from '../classes/expert.js';
+  import { Bench } from '../classes/bench.js';
+  import { Forum } from '../classes/forum.js';
+  import { PostContent } from '../classes/post-content.js';
+  import { delay } from '../util.js';
 
-  const rootElement = document.getElementById("validation-pool");
-  const rootBox = new Box("rootBox", rootElement).flex();
+  const rootElement = document.getElementById('validation-pool');
+  const rootBox = new Box('rootBox', rootElement).flex();
 
-  const scene = (window.scene = new Scene("Validation Pool test", rootBox));
+  const scene = (window.scene = new Scene('Validation Pool test', rootBox));
   await scene.withSequenceDiagram();
   const expert1 = (window.expert1 = await new Expert(
-    "Expert1",
-    scene
-  ).initialize());
+    'Expert1',
+    scene,
+).initialize());
   const expert2 = (window.expert2 = await new Expert(
-    "Expert2",
-    scene
-  ).initialize());
-  const bench = (window.bench = new Bench(undefined, "Bench", scene));
+    'Expert2',
+    scene,
+).initialize());
+  const forum = (window.forum = new Forum('Forum', scene));
+  const bench = (window.bench = new Bench(forum, 'Bench', scene));
 
   const updateDisplayValues = async () => {
     await expert1.setValue(
-      "rep",
-      bench.reputations.getTokens(expert1.reputationPublicKey)
+      'rep',
+      bench.reputation.valueOwnedBy(expert1.reputationPublicKey),
     );
     await expert2.setValue(
-      "rep",
-      bench.reputations.getTokens(expert2.reputationPublicKey)
+      'rep',
+      bench.reputation.valueOwnedBy(expert2.reputationPublicKey),
     );
-    await bench.setValue("total rep", bench.getTotalReputation());
+    await bench.setValue('total rep', bench.reputation.getTotal());
     // With params.lockingTimeExponent = 0 and params.activeVoterThreshold = null,
     // these next 3 propetries are all equal to total rep
-    // await bench.setValue('available rep', bench.getTotalAvailableReputation());
-    // await bench.setValue('active rep', bench.getTotalActiveReputation());
-    // await bench.setValue('active available rep', bench.getTotalActiveAvailableReputation());
+    // await bench.setValue('available rep', bench.reputation.getTotalAvailable());
+    // await bench.setValue('active rep', bench.getActiveReputation());
+    // await bench.setValue('active available rep', bench.getActiveAvailableReputation());
     await scene.sequence.render();
   };
 
@@ -52,12 +54,11 @@
 
   // First expert can self-approve
   {
-    const pool = await expert1.initiateValidationPool(bench, {
+    const { pool } = await expert1.submitPostWithFee(bench, forum, new PostContent(), {
       fee: 7,
       duration: 1000,
       tokenLossRatio: 1,
     });
-    await expert1.revealIdentity(pool);
     // Attempting to evaluate winning conditions before the duration has expired
     // should result in an exception
     try {
@@ -65,56 +66,51 @@
     } catch (e) {
       if (e.message.match(/Validation pool duration has not yet elapsed/)) {
         console.log(
-          "Caught expected error: Validation pool duration has not yet elapsed"
+          'Caught expected error: Validation pool duration has not yet elapsed',
         );
       } else {
-        console.error("Unexpected error");
+        console.error('Unexpected error');
         throw e;
       }
     }
     await delay(1000);
-    await pool.evaluateWinningConditions(); // Stake passes
+    await pool.evaluateWinningConditions(); // Vote passes
     await updateDisplayValues();
     await delay(1000);
   }
 
   // Failure example: second expert can not self-approve
   try {
-    const pool = await expert2.initiateValidationPool(bench, {
+    const { pool } = await expert2.submitPostWithFee(bench, forum, new PostContent(), {
       fee: 1,
       duration: 1000,
       tokenLossRatio: 1,
     });
-    await expert2.revealIdentity(pool);
     await delay(1000);
     await pool.evaluateWinningConditions(); // Quorum not met!
     await updateDisplayValues();
     await delay(1000);
   } catch (e) {
     if (e.message.match(/Quorum is not met/)) {
-      console.log("Caught expected error: Quorum not met");
+      console.log('Caught expected error: Quorum not met');
     } else {
-      console.error("Unexpected error");
+      console.error('Unexpected error');
       throw e;
     }
   }
 
   // Second expert must be approved by first expert
   {
-    const pool = await expert2.initiateValidationPool(bench, {
+    const { pool } = await expert2.submitPostWithFee(bench, forum, new PostContent(), {
       fee: 1,
       duration: 1000,
       tokenLossRatio: 1,
-      anonymous: true,
     });
     await expert1.stake(pool, {
       position: true,
       amount: 4,
       lockingTime: 0,
-      anonymous: true,
     });
-    await expert1.revealIdentity(pool);
-    await expert2.revealIdentity(pool);
     await delay(1000);
     await pool.evaluateWinningConditions(); // Stake passes
     await updateDisplayValues();